Njengenxalenye engundoqo yeenkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma yale mihla, imigca yokurisayikilisha yeplastiki ithwele umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuguqula inkunkuma yeplastiki ibe yimithombo enokuphinda isetyenziswe. Ngokukhula kwengxaki yehlabathi yongcoliseko lweplastiki kunye nogxininiso olukhulayo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha beplastiki buhlala buguquka, kwaye uyilo lomgca wokurisayikilishwa, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo ziyandiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Eli nqaku liza kuxoxa ngokuhamba kwenkqubo, impumelelo yobuchwepheshe, iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwemigca yokurisayikilisha yeplastiki.
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo kunye noQhagamshelwano oluPhambili
Imigca yokurisayikilisha yeplastiki idla ngokuquka amanyathelo angundoqo afana nokucocwa kwangaphambili, ukuhlela, ukucoca, ukutyumza, kunye nokunyibilika kwakhona. Okokuqala, inkunkuma yeplastiki ihlelwa ngesandla okanye ngoomatshini ukuze kususwe{1}}ubumdaka obunokuphinda busetyenziswe njengentsimbi neglasi. Emva koko, kufutshane-imbonakalo ye-infrared (NIR) okanye iindlela zokuhlela ingxinano zisetyenziswa ukucalula ngokuchanekileyo iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeplastiki (ezifana ne-PET, i-HDPE, kunye ne-PVC). Ukucoca kususa ioli kunye nentsalela ukusuka kumphezulu weplastiki, ngelixa ukutyumza kuqhekeza iplastiki phantsi kwiipellets ezifanelekileyo ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo. Okokugqibela, ngokunyibilika kwepelletization, iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo ingaphinda ifakwe{6}}kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukuze yenziwe ibe yimpahla yokupakisha, iifayibha, okanye ezinye iimveliso zamashishini.
Itekhnoloji yokuhlela esebenzayo ngundoqo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle komgca wokurisayikilisha. Umzekelo, i-AI -esekelwe kwiinkqubo zokuqaphela imbonakalo inokwahlula iiplastiki ezixubeneyo ngokuchaneka okukhulu, ngelixa ukuhlelwa kwe-electrostatic kulungele ukwahlula iindidi zeplastiki ezinomahluko obonakalayo ekuqhubeni. Ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe kuphucule ngokubonakalayo usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo lwentambo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Utshintsho lweTekhnoloji kunye nokuPhuculwa kokusiNgqongileyo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kwimigca yokurisayikilisha yeplastiki kugxininise ikakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweekhemikhali kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ngelixa ukurisayikilisha okuqhelekileyo kunokusebenza izixa ezikhulu zeplastiki, kuthintelwa kukuthotywa kwezinto (umzekelo, ukuqhawuka kwekhonkco lemolekyuli okubangelwa ziinkqubo ezininzi zokunyibilika). Ukurisayikilishwa kweekhemikhali kwelinye icala, kusebenzisa i-depolymerization ukunciphisa iiplastiki kwiimonomers okanye iikhemikhali imathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuzuza{4}}ukucoceka okuphezulu "kwibhotile{5}}ukuya{6}}kwibhotile" yokuphinda isetyenziswe. Umzekelo, i-pyrolysis inokuguqula iiplastiki ezixubeneyo zibe yi-oyile yamafutha, ngelixa i-solvolysis ifanelekile ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuvuselela iiplastiki zexabiso eziphezulu ezifana ne-PET.
Ilungelelene nokusingqongileyo, imigca yangoku yokurisayikilisha isebenzisa iinkqubo zokujikeleza kwamanzi ezivaliweyo kunye nokukhupha izixhobo zokucoca irhasi ukunciphisa kakhulu amanzi amdaka kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eyingozi. Eminye imigca yokurisayikilisha ekwinqanaba eliphezulu ikwadibanisa iinkqubo zamandla elanga okanye ebhayomass ukwehlisa ngakumbi unyawo lwekhabhoni. Ngaphaya koko, uyilo lweemodyuli lwenza ukuba imigca yokurisayikilisha ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo neemfuno zoluntu okanye amashishini anobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ukuququzelela uphuhliso lothungelwano lokurisayikilishwa.
Imingeni kunye neeNdlela zekamva
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yezobuchwepheshe, imigca yeplastiki yokurisayikilisha isajongene nemingeni emininzi. Okokuqala, izinga lokurisayikilishwa kweeplastiki-zexabiso eliphantsi (ezifana neefilim kunye nopakisho oluxutyiweyo) liphantsi, lifuna ubugcisa bokuhlela izinto ezininzi{2}}ezisebenzayo. Okwesibini, ukungalingani kwiinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwihlabathi kuthetha ukuba isixa esikhulu seplastiki siyaqhubeka nokugalelwa okanye ukutshiswa. Kwinqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo, amanyathelo afana ne-EU Plastics Strategy kunye ne-China's "Zero Waste City" inkqubo yokulingwa akhuthaza iireyithi zokurisayikilisha ngomthetho kunye nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho. Ngeli xesha, inkqubo "eYongezelelweyo yoXanduva loMvelisi" (EPR) kwicala loshishino ikwakhuthaza iibrendi ukuba zenze utyalo-mali kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuhliswa kwemigca yeplastiki yokuphinda isetyenziswe kuya kubonisa iindlela ezintathu eziphambili: okokuqala, ukuphuculwa kwengqondo, ukuxhamla i-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nedatha enkulu ukujonga imeko yezixhobo ngexesha langempela kunye nokwandisa iiparitha zokusebenza; okwesibini, impumelelo kwibhayoloji{0}kusekwe kwitekhnoloji yeplastiki yokurisayikilisha, efana ne-enzymatic hydrolysis esebenzayo yeeplastikhi ze-biodegradable ezifana ne-PLA; okwesithathu, ukomelezwa kothungelwano lwentsebenziswano yehlabathi, kuqukwa ulungelelwaniso lwemigangatho{1}}yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki enqamlezileyo kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni korhwebo lweplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Imigca yeplastiki yokurisayikilisha ayizondawo ezingundoqo kuphela kumjikelo wemithombo kodwa ikwasisixhobo esingundoqo sokulwa nongcoliseko lweplastiki. Ngokusungula ubugcisa obutsha kunye nentsebenziswano ecwangcisiweyo, imigca yokurisayikilisha yexesha elizayo iya kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye ihambelane nokusingqongileyo, ibonelele ngenkxaso eqinileyo yokwakha uqoqosho lwesetyhula yekhabhoni esezantsi{1}. Nangona kunjalo, ukufezekisa le njongo kufuna iinzame ezihlangeneyo zoorhulumente, amashishini, kunye noluntu ukuphuhlisa isisombululo esizinzileyo kuwo wonke umxokelelwano wonikezelo, ukusuka kunciphiso lwemithombo ukuya esiphelweni{3}}so{4}}wokurisayikilisha kobomi.
